Which Supreme Court case decided in 1857 ruled that blacks were not considered citizens and that Congress could not regulate slavery?

The Supreme Court case that ruled in 1857 that blacks were not considered citizens and that Congress could not regulate slavery is Dred Scott v. Sanford. This case involved Dred Scott, a slave who sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had been taken into free territory where slavery was prohibited. The decision, delivered by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, concluded that Scott had no legal standing to sue because he was not a citizen under the Constitution.

Moreover, the ruling asserted that the federal government did not have the authority to regulate slavery in the territories, which effectively invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820 that had attempted to limit the spread of slavery. This landmark decision intensified national divisions over the issue of slavery, contributing to the mounting tensions that would lead to the Civil War. The implications of the ruling were profound, as it denied the possibility of citizenship to African Americans and upheld the institution of slavery, setting a legal precedent that would influence future cases and legislation regarding civil rights.