Which political parties formed during the 1790s as a result of differing views on government power?

The correct answer is based on the emergence of the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans during the 1790s, which marked the first significant political party system in the United States. The Federalists, led by figures such as Alexander Hamilton, favored a strong central government and a broad interpretation of the Constitution. They believed that a powerful federal government was essential for maintaining order, fostering economic development, and securing the nation's interests.

In contrast, the Jeffersonian Republicans, also known simply as Republicans at that time and led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, advocated for limited government and emphasized states' rights. They were wary of centralized power and believed in a more agrarian society where local and state governments should have more authority over their affairs.

This ideological clash over the extent of government power and its role in society led to the formation of these distinct political parties, setting the stage for future political battles and shaping the trajectory of American politics. The Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans represent the foundational divide in American political culture regarding governance, individual rights, and economic policy throughout the early republic.