Which animal had a profound impact on the lifestyles of Native American tribes after European contact?

The horse had a profound impact on the lifestyles of Native American tribes after European contact, fundamentally altering their methods of travel, trade, and warfare. Initially introduced by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, horses quickly became a vital part of many tribes, especially those in the Great Plains. The mobility provided by horses allowed tribes to cover larger territories while hunting bison or gathering resources, significantly increasing their efficiency and enabling them to follow migratory patterns more effectively.

Horses also transformed social structures, as tribes that successfully acquired and raised horses often gained advantages in trade and warfare. The innate connection between horses and the culture of various Plains tribes, such as the Lakota and Comanche, illustrates how this animal not only facilitated practical aspects of life but also became embedded in their cultural identity, rituals, and societal status. The extensive use of horses allowed Native American tribes to enhance their way of life, showcasing the dramatic changes that occurred following European contact.