Which act, passed in 1861, increased tariff rates to protect northern industry during the Civil War?

The Morrill Tariff Act of 1861 significantly raised tariff rates as a means to protect Northern industries during the Civil War. The increased tariffs aimed to support American manufacturing by making imported goods more expensive, thereby encouraging domestic production. This act was part of a broader set of economic policies intended to stimulate the northern economy amidst the disruptions of war.

At the time, the North was seeking ways to strengthen its industrial base, which was vital for supplying the Union army and sustaining the war effort. By imposing higher tariffs, the government aimed to bolster industries, which could in turn provide jobs and support the economy during a time of conflict.

In contrast, the other acts listed played different roles. The Homestead Act focused on encouraging westward expansion by providing land at low costs. The Legal Tender Act allowed for the issue of paper money to help finance the war effort, while the National Bank Act established a system of national banks and a national currency. Each of these acts had its own specific purpose and did not directly address the protection of northern industries through tariff rates.