What is the term for the division of powers between national and state governments?

The term for the division of powers between national and state governments is federalism. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central (national) authority and various regional (state) authorities. This structure allows for both levels of government to have legal authority over the same geographic area, which can facilitate local governance while ensuring a unified national policy where necessary.

In the context of the United States, federalism is a foundational principle outlined in the Constitution, allowing states to exercise powers that are not specifically granted to the national government, while also conferring powers on the national government to maintain unity and federal law. This balance is essential for accommodating the diverse needs and interests of different states while upholding overarching national policies.