What is the collection of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution called?

The collection of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution is known as The Federalist Papers. These essays were authored primarily by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. They aimed to explain and advocate for the principles and benefits of the newly proposed Constitution, addressing concerns and opposition from those who feared a strong central government. The Federalist Papers played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and providing a deeper understanding of the Constitution's framework, which ultimately helped to secure its ratification by the states.

The other options represent important but distinct historical documents. The Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee specific individual rights. The Articles of Confederation were the first governing document of the United States, which ultimately proved ineffective in providing a strong federal structure. The Declaration of Independence is a foundational document that announced the American colonies' separation from British rule and outlined the philosophical justification for independence. Each of these documents serves different purposes and contexts within American history.