What economic phenomenon created a demand for southern cotton in Northern industries?

The correct answer is the Market Revolution, which refers to the dramatic changes in the United States economy during the early 19th century, characterized by a shift from subsistence agriculture to a more commercial economy. This period saw significant advancements in transportation and communication, which facilitated trade and commerce.

As factories and industries burgeoning in the North required large quantities of raw materials, the demand for cotton surged, particularly with the rise of textile mills. Southern cotton quickly became a vital commodity due to its high quality and the efficiency of slave labor in producing it. This demand fueled not only the expansion of cotton plantations in the South but also reinforced economic ties between Northern industries and Southern agriculture.

In contrast, while the Industrial Revolution is closely related to this phenomenon, it specifically refers to the technological advancements and changes within industries, rather than the broader economic changes and the specific demand for cotton that characterized the Market Revolution. The Great Awakening, which was a religious revival movement, and urbanization, the concentration of populations in cities, are less directly related to the economic dynamics that created a demand for southern cotton in Northern industries.