What compromise introduced by Roger Sherman set up a bicameral legislature with a Senate having 2 representatives per state?

The Connecticut Compromise, also known as the Great Compromise, was pivotal in shaping the legislative structure of the United States as outlined in the Constitution. Proposed by Roger Sherman during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, this compromise addressed the contentious debate between states with large populations, which favored representation based on population, and smaller states, which advocated for equal representation.

The Great Compromise established a bicameral legislature, consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the Senate, each state is allotted two representatives, ensuring that every state, regardless of size or population, has an equal voice in this chamber of Congress. This structure helped to balance the interests of both large and small states and was crucial in securing the agreement necessary to formulate the new government.

Other plans, such as the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan, were proposals that either favored representation based on population or equal representation, respectively, but did not achieve the same balance that the Great Compromise did. The Connecticut Compromise ultimately laid the foundation for legislative representation that persists in the U.S. government today.