What characterized the religious beliefs of Quakers?

The Quakers, or the Religious Society of Friends, are characterized by their emphasis on the concept of "inner light," which refers to the belief that there is a divine presence within every person that guides them toward truth and morality. This intrinsic belief leads to a strong commitment to pacifism, highlighting their dedication to non-violence and conflict resolution without resorting to war or violence. Quakers advocate for social justice and equality, which is influenced by their understanding of the inner light guiding everyone equally.

The focus on personal spiritual experience over formal religious structures also distinguishes Quaker beliefs, as they do not adhere to elaborate rituals or clergy in the same way many other religious groups do. Their approach to spirituality stresses the importance of personal relationship with God, which can be direct and immediate, rather than mediated by religious authorities or texts.