What belief system encompasses the idea that non-human entities possess a spiritual essence, particularly in the context of Native American cultures?

Animism is the belief system that centers on the idea that non-human entities, such as animals, plants, and even inanimate objects, possess a spiritual essence or soul. This worldview is particularly prevalent in many Native American cultures, where the interconnectedness of nature and spirituality is emphasized. In these cultures, natural elements are often revered and considered part of a larger spiritual ecosystem, leading to practices that reflect a deep respect for the earth and all life forms.

In contrast, shamanism refers to a practice involving a shaman who acts as an intermediary between the human world and the spirit world but does not inherently define the spiritual beliefs about non-human entities. Polytheism is the worship of multiple gods, while monotheism is the belief in a single deity; neither of these belief systems specifically addresses the spiritual essence of non-human entities in the same way that animism does. Thus, animism uniquely encapsulates the spiritual perspectives of many Native American cultures regarding the essence of all living and non-living things.